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''Ramaria botrytis'', commonly known as the clustered coral, the pink-tipped coral mushroom, or the cauliflower coral, is an edible species of coral fungus in the family Gomphaceae. Its robust fruit body can grow up to in diameter and tall, and resembles some marine coral. Its dense branches, which originate from a stout, massive base, are swollen at the tips and divided into several small branchlets. The branches are initially whitish but age to buff or tan, with tips that are pink to reddish. The flesh is thick and white. The spores, yellowish in deposit, are ellipsoid, feature longitudinal striations, and measure about 13.8 by 4.7 micrometers. The type species of the genus ''Ramaria'', ''R. botrytis'' was first described scientifically in 1797 by mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. A widely distributed species, it is found in North America, North Africa, central and eastern Europe, Australia, and Asia. The fungus is mycorrhizal with broadleaf trees, and fruits on the ground in wooded areas. There are several species of coral fungi that are superficially similar in appearance to ''R. botrytis'', and although comparison of habitat or characteristics like color or branching morphology is often sufficient for identification, sometimes microscopy is required to definitively distinguish between them. Fruit bodies of ''Ramaria botrytis'' are edible, and young specimens have a mild, fruity taste. Some authors warn of laxative effects in susceptible individuals. The fungus contains several chemical compounds with ''in vitro'' biological activity, and fruit bodies have antimicrobial activity against several species and strains of drug-resistant bacteria that cause disease in humans. ==Taxonomy and classification== The species was first named as ''Clavaria botrytis'' in 1797 by Christian Hendrik Persoon.〔 In 1821, Elias Magnus Fries sanctioned the genus name ''Clavaria'', and treated ''Ramaria'' as a section of ''Clavaria''.〔 It was given its current name in 1918 by Adalbert Ricken.〔 Obsolete historical synonyms include Gotthold Hahn's 1883 ''Corallium botrytis''〔 and A. A. Pearson's variety ''Clavaria botrytis'' var. ''alba'',〔 which is no longer recognized as an independent taxon.〔 Currie Marr and Daniel Stuntz described the variety ''R. botrytis'' var. ''aurantiiramosa'' in their 1973 monograph of western Washington ''Ramaria'';〔Marr and Stuntz (1973), pp. 38–9.〕 Edwin Schild and G. Ricci described variety ''compactospora'' from Italy in 1998.〔 In 1950, E.J.H. Corner published George F. Atkinson's 1908 ''Clavaria holorubella'' as ''R. botrytis'' var. ''holorubella'',〔 but this taxon is now known as the independent species ''Ramaria holorubella''.〔 The specific epithet ''botrytis'' is derived from the Greek word (''botrus'') meaning "bunch of grapes".〔 The species is commonly known as the "cauliflower coral",〔 the "pink-tipped coral mushroom",〔Arora (1986), (p. 656. )〕 or the "rosso coral".〔 In the Cofre de Perote region of Veracruz, Mexico, ''R. botrytis'' is known by the local names ''escobea'', meaning "little broom", or ''pechuga'', meaning "breast meat of chicken".〔 ''Ramaria botrytis'' was designated the type species of ''Ramaria'' in 1933 by Marinus Anton Donk.〔 Modern molecular analysis indicates that ''Ramaria'' is a polyphyletic assemblage of species with clavarioid fruit bodies.〔〔 According to the infrageneric classification scheme proposed by Marr and Stuntz, ''R. botrytis'' is included in the subgenus ''Ramaria'', which includes species that have grooved spores, clamps present in the hyphae, and fruit bodies with a large, profusely branched cauliflower-like appearance.〔 Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA suggests that ''R. botrytis'' is closely related to ''R. rubripermanens'' and ''R. rubrievanescens'', and that these species form a clade that is sister (sharing a recent common ancestor) to the false truffle genus ''Gautieria'', the most derived group within the studied taxa.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ramaria botrytis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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